Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social communication and repetitive behaviors.

Genetic factors and environmental influences (especially immune system disorders) play a role in the development of autism. Disorders of connectivity in brain networks and deficits of synaptic regulation in ASD are important biological features that explain this condition. EEG data provide important biomarkers that identify autism. In individuals with ASD, an increase in low-frequency delta and theta power and a decrease in the alpha band are observed.

In addition, an increase in gamma waves indicates excessive connectivity in certain areas of the brain and increased cortical excitability. Furthermore, it is typical of autism that the EEG shows an increase in local connectivity and a decrease in long-range communication. These EEG patterns are associated with increased synaptic density and overconnectivity of local networks.